SJC to Consider Admissibility of Alleged Victims’ Subsequent Violent Actions

This week, the Supreme Judicial Court will hear argument in Commonwealth v. Andrade, a case in which I wrote an amicus brief on behalf of the Massachusetts Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. This case addresses an important question about what evidence a criminal defendant can introduce to argue that they were not the first aggressor in a violent altercation. 

Twenty years ago, the Supreme Judicial Court decided Commonwealth v. Adjutant, holding that a defendant can offer evidence of an alleged victim’s violent reputation and conduct to prove that the victim, rather than the defendant, was the first aggressor. This holding is one of a few limited exceptions to the general rule barring propensity evidence, or evidence of a person’s character trait to prove that they acted in accordance with that trait. The court in Adjutant decided that evidence reflecting a victim’s propensity for violence, whether or not the defendant knew about that propensity, would help the jury “make an informed decision about the identity of the initial aggressor.” 

Andrade concerns a domestic dispute between a father and son. At trial, the court did not allow the defendant—the son—to introduce evidence that about one year after the charged incident, the father assaulted his wife. On appeal, Andrade presents a narrow, but new, question to the court: does the holding in Adjutant that a defendant can introduce evidence of a victim’s violent acts include conduct that happened after the charged incident?